Viking Arm Rings in Archeology & Old Norse Written Sources

Bracelets have been used across cultures worldwide, but in the Norse and Germanic worlds, they held exceptional significance more than other places. Viking arm rings were not just ornamental but also symbolic. They played a vital role in spirituality, rituals, oath-making, gift-giving, and much more.

In this article, we’ll dive into historical sources to explore the rich heritage of Viking arm rings and how their meanings can inspire us today. Also, see our collection of viking arm ring historical replicas made in Europe. You will not find any new-age made-in-China jewelry in our collection like many other online retailers. Enjoy!

https://norseimports.com/collections/viking-armrings

The Old Norse Meaning of Arm Rings

In Old Norse, an arm ring was commonly referred to as a "baugr" which comes from the From Proto-Germanic *baugaz > from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to bend”). Also related to Old English bēag, Old High German baug which both meant arm ring. Alternatively, it could sometimes be called a "hringr" though this term also included finger rings. The distinction reminds us of the nuanced ways the Norse viewed their adornments, especially items like the Norse torc bracelet or the Viking wristband, which were both practical and deeply symbolic.

 

Mentions of Arm Rings in Norse Mythological Sources

Before we dive into the historical records of arm rings, it’s worth exploring their mentions in Norse mythology. Arm rings are frequently mentioned in both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda in tales of the gods.

Draupnir: The Gods Arm Ring

One of the most famous arm rings in Norse mythology is Draupnir, a magical baugr crafted by the dwarves Brokkr and Eitri. Draupnir was one of the gifts given to the gods early in Norse mythology, alongside Mjölnir and Gullinbursti. This ring had a unique ability: every nine nights, it would drip eight new rings. The name Draupnir itself means "the dripper," and it was gifted to Odin as a representation of the soul, with the eight rings signifying the eight parts of the soul—a fascinating connection to spiritual beliefs in Norse culture. Also note how many armrings in the archeology were meant to be broken apart into roughly 8 pieces or less in order to give payment. These are reffered to as hacksilver.

Draupnir also plays a role in Baldr’s funeral. When Baldr was killed by his brother Höðr, Draupnir was placed on Baldr’s funeral pyre. 

"Odin laid upon the pyre the gold ring called Draupnir; this quality attended it: that every ninth night there fell from it eight gold rings of equal weight."

-Prose Edda, Gylfaginning

Later, Hermóðr, disguised as Odin, retrieved Draupnir from Hel in an attempt to bring Baldr back to life. This myth reflects real Viking rituals, as Viking bracelets and arm rings are commonly found in burial sites from the Viking Age and this tale is believe to reflect some sort of underworld journey that humans believe they could achieve through religious ritual.

 

"In the morning he asked Hel whether Balder might ride home with him, and told how great weeping there was among the asas. But Hel replied that it should now be tried whether Balder was so 136much beloved as was said. If all things, said she, both quick and dead, will weep for him, then he shall go back to the asas, but if anything refuses to shed tears, then he shall remain with Hel. Hermod arose, and Balder accompanied him out of the hall. He took the ring Draupner and sent it as a keepsake to Odin. Nanna sent Frigg a kerchief and other gifts, and to Fulla she sent a ring. Thereupon Hermod rode back and came to Asgard, where he reported the tidings he had seen and heard."

-Prose Edda, Gylfaginning

It’s plausible that burying an arm ring with the deceased served as a ritual to ensure a smoother journey to Hel and possibly hasten reincarnation. The Viking wristband or arm ring wasn’t just an adornment it was an aid travelling between worlds.

Draupnir in Skírnismál and Skaldic Poetry

In Skírnismál (Skírnir’s Journey), stanza 21, Skírnir offers Draupnir to Gerðr, a giantess, to persuade her to marry the god Freyr. This myth has deep agricultural symbolism, representing the union of seed (Freyr) and land (Gerðr) to bring life to barren soil. Offering Draupnir, a symbolic silver Viking bracelet, emphasizes the soul's role in this transformative process.

 

Skirnir spake:

"Then do I bring thee

the ring that was burned; Of old with Othin's son;

From it do eight | of like weight fall

On every ninth night."

-Skírnismál

 

Draupnir is also mentioned in The Lay of Bjarki, where gold is described as “Draupnir's precious sweat” (Draupnis dýrsveita). This poetic imagery underscores the ring's mystical association with wealth and power, though its exact meaning remains open to interpretation.

 

‘The most munificent prince enriched his retinue with Fenja’s <giantess’s> toil [GOLD], Fáfnir’s <dragon’s> land [GOLD], Glasir’s <grove’s> glowing foliage [GOLD], Grani’s <horse’s> fair burden [GOLD], Draupnir’s <mythical ring’s> precious sweat [GOLD], Grafvitnir’s <snake’s> feather-bed [GOLD]. ’

-Bjarkamál

 

Atlakviða and Andvaranaut: Other Mythological Rings

In Atlakviða stanza 32, Guðrún recounts how Atli swore oaths on various sacred objects, including Ullr’s ring. Oath-swearing on rings was a profound act, a tradition echoed in historical sources that we’ll explore later.

 

Guthrun spake:
32. "It shall go with thee, Atli, | as with Gunnar thou heldest
The oaths ofttimes sworn, | and of old made firm,
By the sun in the south, | by Sigtyr's mountain,
By the horse of the rest-bed, | and the ring of Ull."

-Atlakviða

Another notable ring is Andvaranaut, a cursed magic ring featured in the Völsunga Saga and other tales. This ring, stolen from the dwarf Andvari by Loki, could find gold and treasure but brought misfortune to its owners. While often depicted as a finger ring, it’s plausible that Andvaranaut was an arm ring. The logic? It had to fit various characters, from a god to a dwarf, a dragon, and a hero like Sigurd. A Norse silver bracelet or arm ring seems far more practical and fitting for these transitions.

From Draupnir’s role in Baldr’s funeral to oath-swearing on Ullr’s ring, Norse mythology consistently portrays arm rings as more than jewelry. Whether as symbols of wealth, spiritual connections, or tools in rituals, they reflect the rich cultural and religious significance of the Viking torc bracelet and similar adornments.

With the mythological sources covered, let’s move on to the historical records of Viking arm rings.

 

Historical Accounts of Viking Arm Rings in Real Events

 

Viking arm rings were not merely adornments; they were deeply embedded in the social, political, and legal fabric of Norse culture. Historical sources provide fascinating insights into the ceremonial and symbolic roles these Viking bracelets played in real-world events.

Arm Rings in the Settlement of Iceland

One of the earliest mentions of arm rings in historical records comes from the Landnámabók (The Book of Settlements), detailing the settlement of Iceland. According to this text, the goði (chieftain) was required by law to redden his arm ring with ox blood at the Althing, Iceland’s yearly assembly. This wasn’t a sacrificial act but rather a formal ritual marking the commencement of legal and political deliberations.

Úlfljót’s Law: Swearing Oaths on Arm RingsThe Old Icelandic Úlfljót’s Law states:"A ring of two ounces or more [the stallahringr] should lie on the altar of every main temple. Every man who needed to perform legal acts before the court must first swear an oath on this ring and mention two or more witnesses. ‘I name witnesses,’ he must say, ‘that I swear the oath on the ring, a lawful oath. So help me Freyr and Njörðr and the Almighty Áss [the Aesir]...'"

-Landnámabók

This account demonstrates how arm rings functioned as a medium for swearing legally binding oaths, akin to modern courtroom practices of swearing on the bible. The Norse torc bracelet was not merely a decorative item but a symbol of truth, justice, and divine oversight.

Eyrbyggja Saga: Arm Ring at the Sacred Temple

The Eyrbyggja Saga describes a pedestal at the center of a room, used to collect sacrificial animal blood, with a 500-gram (20-ounce) arm ring placed atop it. This ring, worn by the temple priest, was used for oath-swearing. The act symbolized a binding magical contract between men and gods, further underlining the sacred nature of the sterling silver Viking bracelet and similar rings.

 

"There he let build a temple, and a mighty house it was. There was a door in the side-wall and nearer to one end thereof. Within the door stood the pillars of the high-seat, and nails were therein; they were called the Gods' nails. Therewithin was there a great frith-place. But off the inmost house was there another house, of that fashion whereof now is the choir of a church, and there stood a stall in the midst of the floor in the fashion of an altar, and thereon lay a ring without a join that weighed twenty ounces, and on that must men swear all oaths; and that ring must the chief have on his arm at all man-motes."

-Eyrbyggja Saga

Saxo Grammaticus: Oaths of Loyalty Through Arm Rings

In Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus, arm rings appear as tokens of loyalty. A young man named Wigg receives a pair of arm rings from King Hrólfr Kraki as a reward. In return, Wigg vows to avenge the king if he is ever slain:

“Nor was Wigg heedless to repay the kindness; for he promised, uttering a strict vow, that, if it befell Hrólfr to perish by the sword, he would himself take vengeance on his slayers.”

-Gesta Danorum, Saxo Grammaticus

This exchange exemplifies the use of arm rings as tools for cementing loyalty and trust, a tradition that underscores the profound significance of the Viking metal bracelet in fostering social bonds between a leader and his men.

Skaldic Poetry and Heimskringla: Arm Rings as Symbols of Generosity

Skaldic poetry frequently portrays kings as “givers of rings,” a title of respect denoting their generosity. For example, the poet Þjóðólfr Arnórsson refers to King Haraldr as snjóllum hrings ("giver of rings"). In Heimskringla, other kings are similarly celebrated for bestowing rings, including Norse silver bracelets and arm rings, as prestigious gifts.

Arm rings were among the most valuable gifts of the Viking Age. They carried an unspoken rule: receiving an arm ring often implied a pledge of loyalty, even if informal. These exchanges highlighted the arm ring’s dual role as a symbol of wealth and a tool for building alliances.

 

Arm Rings in Other Germanic Cultures

 

While arm rings are often associated with viking age Scandinavia culture, evidence shows that their significance extended beyond. Germanic peoples throughout Europe also used arm rings for oaths, ceremonies, and rewards, showcasing the shared cultural practices of the wider Germanic world.

Rus Vikings and the Primary Chronicle

The Primary Chronicle mentions the Rus Vikings swearing by their weapons and arm rings to seal treaties with the Byzantines. This demonstrates how the practice of oath-swearing on arm rings accompanied the Vikings as they ventured eastward. The use of Viking wristbands and Norse torc bracelets in these solemn rituals emphasizes their portability and importance as symbols of trust and fidelity.

"Thus the Emperors Leo and Alexander made peace with Oleg,
and after agreeing upon the tribute and mutually binding themselves
by oath, they kissed the cross, and invited Oleg and his men to swear
an oath likewise. According to the religion of the Russes, the latter
swore by their weapons, rings and by their god Perun, as well as by Volos,
the god of cattle, and thus confirmed the treaty."

-The Rus Primary Chronicle

 

This shows how arm-rings were used in the east of Europe where the vikings settles as well. See our arm ring inspired by the archeological finds from the Baltic here and here.

The Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum

In the late 9th century, the Danish Viking leader Guthrum entered into a treaty with the English King Alfred the Great. Historical records describe an oath sworn on a holy bracelet, highlighting how Viking bracelets were central to formal agreements, even outside Scandinavia. The practice of oath-swearing on arm rings demonstrates continuity in Viking traditions, even when interacting with foreign powers.

Though there are thousands of viking arm rings found in the archeology in England, our favorite and by far the most famous and unique is this one here!

Saxon Use of Arm Rings: Widukind and Old Saxon Poetry

The Saxons, close cultural relatives of the Norse, also incorporated arm rings into their ceremonies. According to Widukind of Corvey’s Deeds of the Saxons, King Konrad I designated Henry the Fowler as his successor using an arm ring. Additionally, Emperor Otto III wore an arm ring during his coronation, a testament to the enduring symbolic power of Viking metal bracelets even after the Christianization of the Saxons.

The Old Saxon Heliand Poem further supports this tradition, describing how chieftains, or Drohtins, gave arm rings to warriors as rewards for loyalty and battlefield success. These acts of gifting were powerful gestures, cementing bonds between leaders and their followers.

In honor of the thousands of arm rings found in the archeology and the notable sources from Saxony(modern day Germany), most of our armrings are made in Germany. The quality is excelent and are a significantly lower price than our Scandinavian made ones. See out collection here.

Arm Rings in Anglo-Saxon England

In Anglo-Saxon England, arm rings also featured prominently in literature and cultural practices. The epic poem Beowulf recounts King Hrothgar fulfilling his oath by distributing arm rings during feasts:

"He beot ne aleh, beagas dælde, sinc æt symle."

"[King Hrothgar] did not leave unfulfilled his oath: arm-rings he dealt out, and treasure at the ale-feast."

-Beowulf verses 80-81

Kings were often called ring-givers (béaga brytta) and gold-givers (goldgyfa), and their generosity was a measure of their leadership. Also notice that word used by in Anglo-Saxon texts "beaga" and its similarity to the norse word "baugr". A mens Viking bracelet or arm ring symbolized wealth, loyalty, and the sacred bond between a king and his people.

Oath Rings and Swords

Archaeological finds across Northern Europe reveal Germanic swords with rings set into their pommels. According to Ellis-Davidson (Sword in Anglo-Saxon England), these rings were likely used as oath rings. The oath-giver would place their hand on the ring while swearing, much like the practices seen in Norse culture. Over time, as ring-swords fell out of fashion, the oath was sworn directly on the sword itself.

Arm Rings in Marriage Ceremonies: Rudolieb

A fascinating fragmentary text from 11th-century Southern Germany, Rudolieb, describes arm rings used in marriage ceremonies. Couples exchanged arm rings, which were placed on the hilt of a sword during the vows:

“With the rings upon their arms, and their hands joined upon the sword-hilt, the couple then spoke their vows.”

-Rudolieb

This practice served dual purposes: first, swearing an oath on the arm ring, and second, symbolizing the seriousness of the vow by invoking a sword which was possibly a physical reminder of the consequences of breaking the oath.

Although this specific ritual isn’t recorded in Norse sources, the lack of documentation for Viking marriage ceremonies leaves room for speculation. It’s plausible that this practice, like many others involving arm rings, was a shared tradition among Germanic peoples before their cultures diverged.

Key Insights on Germanic Arm Rings

The widespread use of arm rings across Germanic cultures—from the Saxons to the Rus and Anglo-Saxons—demonstrates their universal role in oath-swearing, loyalty, and ritual. Whether as sterling silver Viking bracelets in Scandinavia or ceremonial arm rings in Southern Germany, these objects symbolized trust, unity, and sacred bonds that transcended regional boundaries.

Next, we’ll explore the archaeological evidence supporting the craftsmanship and legacy of Viking arm rings.

 

Archaeological Finds of Viking Arm Rings and Where to See Them

This is just a short summary of the archeological finds. To read about the archeological records of arm rings and see some of the photos of the bracelets in museums, see our article here.

The legacy of Viking arm rings is preserved not only in sagas and historical accounts but also in remarkable archaeological discoveries. Arm rings or bracelets are by far the most common grave goods found. These artifacts, often buried with their owners or hoarded for safekeeping, provide tangible evidence of the craftsmanship, cultural practices, and trade networks of the Viking Age. Below, we’ll explore some notable finds, the museums where they are displayed, but remember, these are just a few of the many thousands of finds. Check out the museums listed below if you are ever in those areas!

Notable Viking Arm Ring Discoveries

The Galloway Hoard (Scotland)
Unearthed in 2014, the Galloway Hoard contains over 100 Viking artifacts, including several intricately designed arm rings. These rings, made from silver and gold, showcase the Viking settlers advanced metalworking skills. Some of the rings feature unique inscriptions and symbols, possibly indicating ownership or spiritual significance. The hoard also highlights the Vikings’ presence in Scotland and their connections to broader trade networks.

Where to See It: The Galloway Hoard is displayed at the National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh.

The Cuerdale Hoard (England)
Discovered in 1840 along the River Ribble, the Cuerdale Hoard is one of the largest viking treasure troves ever found. It contains a mix of coins, jewelry, and arm rings, many of which are made of silver. The arm rings here are often "hack-silver," meaning they were cut or broken into smaller pieces, reflecting their use as currency in Viking trade.

Where to See It: The British Museum, London, holds many pieces from the Cuerdale Hoard, including arm rings.

Hiddensee Treasure (Germany)
Found off the coast of Hiddensee Island in the Baltic Sea, this collection of Viking jewelry dates back to the 10th century. Among the treasure are ornate gold arm rings adorned with intricate filigree and granulation. These designs reflect a blend of Norse and Slavic artistic influences, showcasing the Vikings’ cultural interactions.

Where to See It: The State Museum of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Schwerin, Germany or the State Museum of Berlin.

Terslev Hoard (Denmark)
Unearthed in 1911, the Terslev Hoard includes an impressive array of Viking silver, including several arm rings. The designs feature twisted rods of silver, a common style for Viking arm rings, emphasizing strength and simplicity.

Where to See It: The National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen.

Gotland Hoards (Sweden)
The island of Gotland is a treasure trove of Viking artifacts, with over 700 hoards discovered to date. Probably the richest area of viking archeological finds. Many of these hoards include silver arm rings, coins, and other jewelry, reflecting the Vikings' wealth and extensive trade connections. The arm rings often have consistent designs, such as twisted silver rods and stamped motifs.

Where to See It: Gotlands Museum, Visby, Sweden of the Historical Museum in Stockholm

Consistencies Among Viking Arm Ring Finds

Across these archaeological finds, several similarities can be seen provide insight into their purpose and significance:

Material and Craftsmanship
Most Viking arm rings are made from silver or gold, with a smaller number crafted from bronze or iron. The use of precious metals reflects the rings' role as symbols of wealth and status. Twisted designs, filigree, and stamped patterns are common, showcasing the Vikings metalworking skills.

Multi-Purpose Functionality
Arm rings were often dual-purpose, serving as jewelry and currency. The prevalence of "hack-silver" rings, cut into pieces for trade, underscores their practical value in the Viking economy.

Ritual and Symbolism
Some arm rings bear inscriptions, runic or animal symbols, or patterns that suggest a spiritual or ceremonial significance. Their consistent appearance in burials and hoards points to their role in oath-taking, rituals, and as grave goods meant to accompany the dead to the afterlife.

Cultural and Trade Influences
Designs often incorporate motifs from other cultures, such as Slavic, Anglo-Saxon, Baltic, or Carolingian styles. This reflects the vikings’ extensive trade networks and their ability to adapt and blend cultural influences into their craftsmanship.

Conclusion

The discovery of Viking arm rings in archaeological sites across Northern Europe highlights their enduring significance in Viking society. From symbols of loyalty and wealth to practical tools for trade, these artifacts are as versatile as they are beautiful. Visiting museums that house these treasures offers a deeper appreciation of the craftsmanship and cultural importance of Viking arm rings, providing a tangible connection to the world of the Norse. That is why all of our arm rings are inspired by the archeological finds made in Europe from high quality materials. You will not find any new-age made-in-China jewelry on our site like you with with many of our competitors. Check out our collection here!

https://norseimports.com/collections/viking-armrings